【东北大学家教网】英语熟词生意及一词多义1


来源:东北大学家教网 日期:2016-12-12
 

 

高考英语专题复习---熟词生义、一词多义

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《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,没有词义,这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。

A

1. about (熟义:关于) prep.&adv.到处=(美)around 到处

   We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。

2. act  (熟义:行动)vi.起作用

   It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.只需几分钟,药物就起作用了。

3. add (熟义:加)vt 接着说,又说

   “They don't know.” he added.“他们不知道。”他接着又说。 

4. address (熟义:地址,写地址) vt.

5.  ① 称呼The president should be addressed as “Mr President.”总统应称为“总统先生”。 

     ② 向……发表演说    He is going to address the meeting in a minute.他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。 

6. admit (熟义:承认)vt.

7. ①允许进入The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门,请我进去。 

②容纳 The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个剧场只能容纳一千人。 

7.  adapt (熟义:适应)vt.使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)

These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.

This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.

8.  adopt (熟义:收养; 过继)vt.① 采纳;采取;采用

We adopt their teaching method. 我们采用了他们的教学方法

9.against (熟义:反对,违背) prep.衬着,迎着,靠着
The picture looks good against the white wall.这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。 

10.agree with (熟义:同意) 与……一致,协调,适合
Your story agrees with what I heard.你讲的与我所听到的一致。 
Long plane trips don't agree with me.我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。 

11.appeal (熟义: 恳求,呼吁)v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣

The idea of camping has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.

12.appear (熟义:出现) vi  似乎

 You appeared to have made a mistake. 你似乎犯了一个错误。

13.apply(熟义:申请) v.应用,运用; 适用

What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.

14.arm (熟义:n.手臂)n.武器  v.武装
Lay down your arms or we'll fire!放下武器,否则,我们就开枪了!

   Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪,十分危险。

15.ask (熟义:问)vt.要求

The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室.

16.attend (熟义:出席) vt.&vi.看护,治疗
Dr.Paria Lal attends him.Paria Lal医生在治疗他。 
If you go out,who'll attend to the baby?如果你走了,谁来照看婴儿? 

 

B

1.back (熟义:n.背) vt.支持
Many of his friends backed his plan.他的许多朋友支持他的计划。 

2.badly (熟义:坏)  adv.迫切, 很
English teachers are badly needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师。

3.bear (熟义:熊) v.

  ① 支撑   

The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄,承受不了你的重量。

② 负起(责任),肩负

He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人。

③ 忍受,忍耐

The pain was almost more than he could stand. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。

4.beat (熟义:击打) v.

 ① (心脏) 跳动    He is alive---his heart is still beating. 他还活着---心脏还在跳动。

 ② 打败He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。

5.before (熟义:以前) conj.才;就
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.过了很久我才再睡着。 
I hadn't waited long before he came.我没有等多久,他就来了。 

6.block (熟义:大块) n. (四面临街) 建筑群,街区   v 阻碍;堵塞

 He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。

 Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。

7.blow (熟义:吹,刮) n. 打击

 His wife’s death was a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。

8.book (熟义:书) v. 预定,预购

 I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert. 我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。

9.buy  (熟义:购买) v. 相信

No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口。

10.build (熟义:v.修建) n.身材,体型
The football player has a solid build.足球运动员体格健壮。 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C

1.calm (熟义:冷静的,镇静的)adj. 无浪的,风平浪尽的

 The sea is calm.

2.can (熟义:能) n.罐头vt.做成罐头
Mother cans fruit.妈妈把水果做成罐头。 

3.capital (熟义:首都) n. 大写字母;资本

 Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写。

 Jack set up a business with a starting capital of $100,000. Jack的创业资本是$100,000。

4.carry (熟义:搬运,携带) v.持有,带有;刊登

 Police in many countries carry guns. 许多国家的警察都带枪。

Today’s newspapers carry full reports of the president’s visit. 今天的报纸刊登了总统访问的详尽报道。

5.case (熟义:情况)  n. 案例,病例; 箱子

The case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件下星期审理。

6.catch (熟义:抓) v. 明白;领会

   Sorry, I didn’t quite catch what you said. 对不起,我没听清你的话。

8.cause (熟义:n.起因,v.引起) n.事业
The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace.联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。 

9.certain (熟义:相信) adj.  某个,某种

    For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.因为某种原因,我不能出席这次会议。

10.change (熟义:变化) n. 零钱,找头

     Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你有没有5英镑的零钱?

11.collect (熟义:收集) v. 取走,拿走

  His job is to collect a child from school every day. 他的工作是每天从学校接回孩子。

12.company (熟义:公司)n.有人作伴;伙伴
You may know a man by the company he keeps.你可以从一个人所交的朋友了解他的为人。 

13.condition (熟义:条件) n. 状况

     He is in excellent condition for a man of his age. 他就其年龄而言,身体极好。

14.cost (熟义:花费;值……)vt.使失去(生命、健康等)
The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night. 
病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。 

15.count [熟义:数(数目)]  vi.重要;vt.认为
Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。 
On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.总的说来,她自认为还是一个幸运的人。 

16.course (熟义:过程) n. 课程;航线;一道菜

    I’d like to take a refresher course to improve my driving. 我想参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术。

    The plane was off the course.飞机偏离航向。

    They were treated with a five-course dinner for lunch. 招待他们五道菜的正餐。

17.cover (熟义:覆盖) v.够付(费用);走完(一段路);涉及;报导
Here is £5;that should cover all your expenses.这儿有5英镑,应该够付你所有的开支。 

    By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落的时候,我们已走了三十英里。

    He is carrying out a research that covers a wild field. 他正在进行涉及范围很广的研究工作。

    He was sent to cover the event. 他被派去报道着事件。

18.cross (熟义:横跨) adj. 生气的,恼怒的

    I was cross with him for being late. 他迟到了,我很生气。

D

1.date (熟义:日期;枣子) v. 追溯 ;约会

The ancient temple has a long history and can date back to the year 1890AD.

 这古庙历史悠久,追溯到1890 AD

They have been dating for a long time. 他们一直频频约会

2.dear(熟义:亲爱的) 昂贵的
Clothes are getting dearer.衣服越来越贵了

3. degree (熟义:学位) n.程度

 She has also been affected, but to a lesser degree. 她也受到波及,但程度较轻。

4.desert (熟义:沙漠) vt.离开,抛弃
We sheltered from the storm in a deserted garage. 我们在一间空无人住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。 

5.develop (熟义:发展;开发) v. 冲洗 
He took a film to be developed. 他将胶卷送去冲洗。

6.divide (熟义:分割开, 分成) v.  除

    30 divided by 6 is 5. 30 除6等于5。

7.do (熟义:做,制作) v. 行, 适合
—Which do you prefer,coffee or tea? 
—Either will do.It makes no difference for me. 随便,对我来说没什么区别。

8.draw (熟义:画) v. 吸引;获取,汲取
Ladies and gentlemen,may I draw your attention to me?女士们,先生们,注意了。

What conclusions did you draw from the study? 你从研究中得出什么结论?

9.drive (熟义:驾驶) v. 驱使
Do you have any idea what has driven him mad? 你知道什么使他发疯的吗?

10. due (熟义:由于) adj. 须立即支付,到期 ; 约定,预期

My rent isn’t due till Wednesday.我的租金星期三才到期。

The train is due to arrive in five minutes. 火车预定在5分钟后达到。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

E

1.earth (熟义:地球) n. 泥土

He covered the roots of the plant with earth. 他用泥土把植物的根埋起来。
2.easy (熟义:容易的)adj.舒适的,安分的,轻松的
   Now we are leading an easy life.现在我们过着舒适的生活。 

3.edge (熟义:边缘) n. 刀口,锋

The boy is playing with a knife with a sharp edge. 这孩子正在玩一把锋利的刀。

4.employ (熟义:雇佣) v.利用,使用

You could employ your spare time better. 你可以把闲暇时间利用得好些。

5.energy  (熟义:能量,能源) n. 精力,活力

His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作似乎缺乏干劲。

6.enjoy (熟义:喜欢) v. 享有

Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利。
7.escape (熟义:逃走)v.被忘记
   His name escaped me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字了。 
8.even (熟义:甚至adv) adj.平坦的; 不相上下的,均衡的
   A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平。

That is an even game. 那是平局。

9.exercise (熟义:练习) n.锻炼

   Doing crosswords gives the mind some exercise. 做字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋。

10.expect (熟义:期望,盼望)v.预计,估计
The weather turns out far better than we expected.天气比我们预料的要好。

11.exploit (熟义:利用或开发)v.剥削或利用

There are still child labour exploited in factories. 工厂里仍有受剥削的童工。
12.express (熟义:v.表达) adj. 高速的, 快速的
   It was in that express way that the traffic accident happened.事故发生早高速公路上。 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


1.fail (熟义:v. 失败,不及格)v.不足,缺乏;忽略
   Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。 
   He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。

2.fairly (熟义:adv. 相当) adv.公正地,公平地

You are not treating us fairly. 你对我们不公正.

3.far from (熟义:离……远)  远远不是
The show was far from a failure;it was a great success. 这个展览远远不是失败;而是十分成功的.

4.favor  (熟义:n. 恩惠,善行) v. 支持,喜欢

    Of the two possible plans I favor the first. 在这两种可行方案中我赞成前者。

5.fellow (熟义:小伙子,家伙) n. 同伴

    Her fellows share her interest in computers. 她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣。

6.figure (熟义:n.数字;雕塑,人物) v.认为,想象
She figured that she would be next.她认为她可能就是下一个。 
I couldn't figure out what he meant.我不明白他是什么意思。 

7.fall (熟义:v. 掉落) n. 秋天;瀑布

His father passed away in the fall of 1970. 他父亲在1970年的秋季过世。

The falls upstream are full of salmons. 该瀑布上游有许多大马哈鱼。

8.fan (熟义:n. 扇子) n. 迷 .狂热者 
The Chinese football fans are in great excitement.  中国足球粉丝很激动。

9.film (熟义:电影) 胶卷, 软片

 He put a new film in his camera. 他在相机里装上新胶卷。

10.fine (熟义:adj.好的,晴朗的)v.&n.罚款
He was fined $200.他被罚了200美元。 

11.fire (熟义:n. 火)  v. 开除

He was fired for stealing from the counter. 他因从柜台偷钱而遭解雇。

12.firm (熟义:n. 公司) adj. 坚定的,牢固的

You must be firm where you think you are right. 你认为对的地方立场一定要坚定。

13.fit (熟义:v & adj 适合)  adj. 健康的

    He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day. 他每天跑五英里以保持身体健康。

14.fix  (熟义:v. 安装,修理) v. 确定, 选定

Have you fixed a date for the wedding? 你们举行婚礼的日期确定了吗?

15.flat (熟义:n. 公寓,套房) adj. 平躺的, 平伸的, 扁平的

The earthquake laid the city flat. 地震把这座城市夷为平地。

16.flight (熟义:n. 飞行,航班) n. 一段楼梯或阶梯

There was no lift and we had to climb six flights. 没有电梯,我们得跑六段楼梯。

17.flood (熟义:n. 洪水) n.大量的东西;vt.大量而来,充满
I received a flood of letters this morning.今天早上我收到大量的信件。

18.follow (熟义:v. 跟随) v. 沿着(道路等)而行;按照,听从,效仿;明白

Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left. 沿着这条路走到拐角处,然后向左转。

Many students follow the latest fashions.很多学生喜欢赶时髦。

I couldn’t follow his argument at all. 我根本不明白他的论点。

19.for  (熟义:prep. 目的,由于) conj. 因为,由于(表示一种补充说明的原因)

We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.

他给我们带来了家里的消息,我们都迫不及待地听着。

20.for good 永远(勿望文生义) 
She'll soon leave London for good.她将永远离开伦敦。

21.form (熟义:v.& n.形成,形式) v. 成立,创立,组织

The labour leader was asked to form a government. 要求工党领袖组织政府。

22.fortune (熟义:n. 财富) 运气

I had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸运,被选中出国旅行。

23.free (熟义:adj. 自由的,有空的) adj & v. 没有,免交;远离
Most of the roads are free of snow.道路上的雪大部分都已化了。

24.freeze (熟义:冻结,冻冰) v.不许动,停止走动
Freeze!Drop your arms!不许动,放下武器!

 

 

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